Menene Mafi yawan Nau'in Drum Birki guda 2?
Akwai nau'ikan birki iri-iri.Wataƙila kun ji labarin birkin diski ko birki mai ɗaukar kansa.Amma kun san game da nau'ikan ganga guda biyu da aka fi sani?Za ku koyi game da waɗannan tsarin birki guda biyu a cikin wannan labarin.Bugu da ƙari, za ku koyi game da dawo da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da aikinsu.Da fatan, wannan labarin zai taimake ka ka fahimci bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan tsarin biyu.
Birki na ganga
Birkin ganga yana da manyan takalmi guda biyu.Ɗayan yana jagora yayin da ɗayan ya bi.Lokacin da abin hawa ke motsawa, duka takalma suna aiki azaman jagora.A baya, pistons a cikin kowane silinda dabaran suna aiki azaman takun baya.Takalma masu jagorancin tagwaye guda biyu suna da pistons waɗanda ke ƙaura ta bangarorin biyu.Ana samun irin wannan nau'in birki a bayan wata karamar mota.Ko da yake hawan gefe guda ɗaya zai iya haifar da kaya mai gefe guda a kan cokali mai yatsa na gaba, takalman takalma na biyu-twin shine mafi kyawun zabi ga yawancin motocin.
Tsarin birki na ganga yana amfani da silinda mai jujjuyawa da kuma takalman da ke gogawa da wani wuri don rage jinkirin abin hawa.Takalma suna shiga rikici tare da ganga lokacin da aka saki feda, yana haifar da matsa lamba na hydraulic.Wannan gogayya tana sa takalmin birki su yi ihu da rage gudu abin hawa.Ana kiran wannan tasirin "kai-applying."
Wani bangare na birki na ganga shi ne abin da ake yi masa.An ɗora abin ɗamara akan farantin baya daura da sashin faɗaɗa.Abutment na anga yana aiki azaman hinge, wanda ke kiyaye takalma daga juyawa tare da ganga lokacin da aka kunna birki.Akwai manyan nau'ikan anchors guda biyu: fil guda ɗaya da fil biyu.Nau'in tsohon ya fi kowa a cikin motocin masu haske.
Mota ta farko da ta fara amfani da birkin ganga na zamani ita ce Maybach.Louis Renault ya yi amfani da rufin asbestos ɗin da aka saka don rufin birki na ganga saboda ya watsar da zafi fiye da kowane abu.Wasu motoci sun yi amfani da ƙananan nau'ikan birki na ganga.Samfuran da suka gabata sun yi amfani da levers, sanduna, igiyoyi, da takalma na inji.An yi amfani da pistons ta hanyar matsa lamba mai a cikin ƙaramin silinda.Wadannan tsarin injinan sun kasance gama gari har zuwa shekarun 1980, amma wasu motocin sun ci gaba da amfani da su.
Birki na diski
Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan ganguna guda 2 shine cewa suna aiki akan ka'ida ɗaya kuma ana amfani da su akan abin hawa ɗaya.Game da birki na diski, duk da haka, diski ɗin yana tsaye kuma caliper yana motsawa dangane da rotor.Ana danna kushin birki na ciki akan faifan yayin da ake birki kuma ana jan kushin birki na waje akan na'urar.A yayin wannan aikin, ƙwanƙolin birki suna zafi kuma ana tilasta su a kan diski.Wannan tsari ana kiransa da “pad imprinting,” wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfin birki.
Abubuwan da ke da zafi na fayafai na iya kaiwa ga yanayin zafi sosai.Lokacin da wannan ya faru, karfe yana fuskantar canjin lokaci.Carbon a cikin karfe na iya yin hazo daga karfe kuma ya samar da yankuna masu nauyi na carbon.Cementite, duk da haka, wani abu ne daban da simintin ƙarfe kuma yana da matuƙar wuya kuma yana da ƙarfi.Hakanan baya ɗaukar zafi da kyau, yana lalata amincin diski.
Birkin diski kuma ana san su da birki na caliper.Suna amfani da matsa lamba na ruwa don tura takalma zuwa saman ciki na drum na birki.Waɗannan birki ɗin haɗe ne na calipers da pistons kuma suna iya amfani da piston da yawa.Birki na diski shine mafi yawan nau'in ganguna na birki.Duk da haka, akwai wasu nau'o'in daban-daban.Idan kuna neman sabon birki, birki na diski na iya zama daidai a gare ku.
Birkin diski ya bambanta da birkin ganga ta hanyoyi da yawa.Birki na diski yana haifar da matsanancin zafi da juzu'i, wanda ke nufin sassansu ba su da tsawon rayuwa.Bugu da ƙari, adadin sassa a cikin birki na diski yana ƙara yuwuwar gazawar.Birkin ganga kuma na iya yin hayaniya sosai, musamman idan direbobin da ba su san abin da suke faɗa suna amfani da su ba.
Birki mai ɗaukar kansa
Akwai nau'ikan gangunan birki na asali guda biyu: juzu'i-amfani da gogayya-sha.Tsohon yana amfani da na'urori masu amfani da juzu'i don samar da ƙarfin birki, waɗanda ake amfani da su a kan feda yayin lokacin rage gudu.Ganguna masu amfani da kai suna amfani da ganga don yin amfani da karfi, yayin da tsarin shayarwa ke amfani da rotors.Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan birki guda biyu yana cikin tsarinsu.
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da gangunan birki na baya, suna riƙe abin hawa lokacin da nauyin abin hawa ke canjawa zuwa takalman da ke biyo baya.Wannan na iya zama saboda karkata zuwa gangara ko kuma juya alkiblar motsi.Game da birki na takalman takalma, takalman jagorancin ya fi kusa da fadada.Yana da mahimmanci a ba da kulawar da ta dace don sake haɗa birki lokacin da aka kwance shi.Rashin yin hakan na iya haifar da mummunan aikin birki da yuwuwar kullewa.
Birki mai jujjuyawa yana amfani da abin da zai ɗaure da ƙarfi don amfani da ganga.Wannan abu mai jujjuyawa-manne yana taimakawa birki ya yi amfani da karfi a taya, amma yana iya haifar da murdiya da girgiza yayin birki.Direban birki masu amfani da juzu'i na iya sa direban ya yi amfani da karfi akan fedar birki fiye da yadda suke bukata domin tsayar da motar.
Nau'o'in gangunan birki masu amfani da kai suna da manyan abubuwa guda biyu: farantin baya da kuma anga abutment.Abutment na anga, wanda ke gaban sashin faɗaɗa, yana aiki a matsayin maƙalar takalma.Wannan farantin baya yana ba da tallafi don faɗaɗa silinda kuma galibi ana yin shi da ƙarfe mai ribbed.Abutment na anga kuma yana aiki azaman garkuwar ƙura don drum ɗin birki da taron takalma.
Koma maɓuɓɓugan ruwa
Maɓuɓɓugan dawowa wani abu ne mai motsi wanda ake amfani da shi don riƙe takalmin birki baya bayan silinda ta tayar da matsa lamba daga tsarin birki.Dangane da tsarin tsarin, za a iya haɗa maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa zuwa duka biyun takalmi masu biyo baya ko kuma anga su a tsakiyar wuri.Wasu na'urorin birki na ganga suna amfani da bazara guda ɗaya wasu kuma suna amfani da doguwar sandar ƙarfe mara ƙarfi mai lankwasa zuwa siffar U.Ƙananan ƙarshen bazara an haɗa su da takalma masu biyo baya da kuma saman saman siffar U suna haɗe zuwa takalman jagora.
Takalmi mai jagora yana motsawa zuwa kishiyar ganga lokacin da aka yi birki, wanda ya sa takalman su danna saman ciki na ganga tare da matsi mafi girma.Wannan tasirin servo an san shi azaman tasirin haɓaka kai.Wata dabaran silinda tana da fistan kuma matsa lamba na hydraulic yana tura takalmin zuwa saman ganga na ciki.Duk maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na dawowa dole ne a daidaita su akai-akai, don haka suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin birki mai aiki.
Komawar bazara da pistons sassa biyu ne masu mahimmanci na birkin ganga.Lokacin da aka danna fedar birki, ana tilasta ruwan birki a cikin silinda don tura takalmin birki a kan ganga.Koma maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna ja da su zuwa wuraren hutunsu.Lokacin da aka saki birki, dawo da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna daidaita takalman birki zuwa matsayi.Komawar bazara ita ce bangaren ƙarshe na tsarin birki, kuma shine nau'in da aka fi amfani dashi.
Yayin da piston da dawo da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ke aiki don yin birki, ganga ba ya shiga tare da takalma nan da nan.Suna buƙatar farawa da farko kafin takalma su motsa zuwa ga ganga.Tsarin fayafai/Drum, a gefe guda, birki ne kawai tare da fayafai akan matsi mai haske.Irin wannan tsarin birki yana buƙatar bawul ɗin aunawa na musamman don hana matsa lamba na hydraulic isa ga calipers na gaba har sai an shawo kan maɓuɓɓugan dawowa.
Tashin birki
Akwai manyan nau'ikan gangunan birki guda biyu: ƙayyadaddun da kuma kasala.Dangane da nau'in abin hawa, ana amfani da na ƙarshe a cikin manyan motoci masu nauyi.Dukansu an ƙirƙira su don yin tasiri wajen hana jan-Silinda da rage hayaniyar abin hawa.Kafaffen ganguna suna da na'ura mai juyi kuma masu faɗaɗa takalmi kamar diski sun fi yawa a cikin motoci.Koyaya, nau'ikan biyu suna da halaye na musamman.
Misali, ganguna masu faɗaɗa ciki suna da ƙarancin tsayawa fiye da takwarorinsu na ƙarfe da ƙarfe.Akwatunan gear atomatik gabaɗaya sun fi son faɗaɗɗen ganguna na ciki, yayin da aka fi son ganguna don akwatunan gear na hannu.Ana yawan amfani da birkin ganga a bayan ƙafafun ababan hawa, kuma suna dacewa da tsarin diski na gaba.Birkin hannu na inji ya dace da birkin ganga.
Lokacin da aka danna kan ganga, takalmin da ke jagorantar yana tafiya daidai da drum, kuma takalmin da ke biye yana motsawa.An san wannan tasiri a matsayin tasirin servo, kuma yana taimakawa takalman danna kan drum tare da karfi mafi girma.A cikin tsarin birki na yau da kullun, takalman da ke kan gaba suna tafiya zuwa gaba ta hanyar drum, yayin da takalmin da ke biye ya koma baya.Gabaɗaya, ana sanya birki a bayan motocin fasinja.
Wadanne nau'ikan gangunan birki guda 2 ne suka fi yawa, kuma ta yaya suka bambanta?Don hana matsaloli, dole ne a duba birki akai-akai.Rashin yin hakan na iya haifar da faɗuwar birki.Fashewar birki yana faruwa ne ta hanyar zazzafar kayan aikin birki, da haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwan.Ƙwayoyin birki masu faɗaɗa ciki, alal misali, na iya faɗaɗa a diamita saboda haɓakar thermal.Don ramawa, dole ne takalman su matsa gaba ko kuma dole ne direban ya ɗan ɗanɗana fedar birki.
Santa birki birki ne na birki da masana'anta a China tare da ƙwarewar masana'antu fiye da shekaru 15.Santa birki yana rufe babban faifan birki da samfuran pads.A matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren faifan diski da masu kera pads, Santa birki na iya ba da samfura masu inganci sosai a farashi masu gasa.
A zamanin yau, Santa birki yana fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe sama da 20+ kuma yana da fiye da 50+ abokan ciniki masu farin ciki a duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-25-2022