I. Matsayi na yanzu na masana'antar rufe birki ta kasar Sin.
GB5763-2008 Layin Birki don Motoci
GB/T17469-1998 “Aikin Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙa ) .
GB/T5766-2006 “Hanyar Gwajin Hardness na Rockwell don Kayayyakin Karɓa
JC/T472-92 “Tsarin birki na birki na keɓaɓɓiyar birki da kuma hanyar gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfi na drum
JC/T527-93 “Hanyar gwajin ƙwanƙwasa abu mai ƙonewa
JC/T528-93 “Hanyar gwajin ƙwayar cuta acetone mai narkewa
JC/T685-1998 “Hanyar gwaji mai yawa
QC/T472-1999 “Tsarin birki na mota na juriya ga ruwa, ruwan gishiri, mai da hanyar gwajin aikin birki
QC/T473-1999 “Hanyar gwaji don ƙarfin juzu'i na kayan birki na mota
Hanyar gwajin QC/T583-1999 don bayyananniyar porosity na rufin birki na mota
QC/T42-1992 “Kimanin Surface da Lalacewar Abun Wuta na Birkin Birki na Mota Bayan Gwaji
Na biyu, tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin masana'antar birki na duniya.
Birki na ƙasashen waje, rufin watsawa (block) da ƙa'idodin taro galibi jerin ƙasashen Turai ne, jerin Amurka, Japan (ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar masu kera motoci na Japan) da jerin ISO, jerin ISO galibi ana haɓaka su tare da la'akari da ƙa'idodin Turai.
Matsayin Amurka galibi SAE, FMVSS, AMECA, da sauransu.
Matsayin Turai galibi don ƙa'idodi kamar AK (kamar AK1, AK2, AK3, AKM), ECE (R13, R13H, R90), EEC71/320.
Matsayin Jafananci shine JASO da JIS D.
Ka'idojin Amurka da Turai sun kasu kashi-kashi cikin tallafin mai watsa shiri kamar FMVSS a cikin FMVSS121, 122, 105, 135 da AMECA da R13, R13H da ISO11057, ka'idojin sutura (bayan kasuwa) kamar SAE2430, TP121, R90 da biyan mafi ƙarancin buƙatun ECER , da sauransu.
Babu ma'auni na wajibi a cikin Amurka, amma dole ne a amince da su kafin sayarwa, Turai don kasuwa mai sarrafawa kafin sayarwa dole ne ya zama takaddun shaida na EMARK.
ISO15484-2005 (DIS) ya dogara ne akan ainihin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun duniya kuma an haɓaka shi, yana ambaton SAE, JASO, JIS D, ECE R90, kuma yana ba da buƙatun kula da inganci, ƙarin cikakkun ka'idodin kayan gogayya ne na kera.
Daga kasashen duniya da na kasashen waje da suka ci gaba da kera motoci, suna mai da hankali sosai kan ka'idojin yin birki, suna da wata kungiya ta musamman da za ta dauki nauyi, dangane da ayyukan kasa da kasa, ya kamata a ce tsarin birki na kasar Sin ya kasance ga masana'antar kera motoci, da kafa shi. na wani karamin kwamiti na musamman don shiga cikin aikin, don sauƙaƙe bin ka'idodin duniya kamar.
(1) Kungiyar ISO
Tsarin birki na ISO wanda ke da alaƙa da layin birki na mota mai tasiri daidaitattun ka'idoji 21 da 1 na duniya, da ƙa'idodin 6 masu alaƙa, ƙa'idodin layin birki ɗin sa wanda TC22/SC2/WG2 ya haɓaka, ƙungiyar aiki ta WG2 don SC2 a cikin ƙungiyoyin aiki biyar a cikin ƙungiyar aiki mafi girma. saboda layin birki da ke cikin aminci da kariyar muhalli, daga 2005 zuwa gaba cike da ƙarin ma'aikata, kuma a jere sun haɓaka ƙa'idodi shida.
(2) Turai
Daidaitaccen tsarin layin birki na Turai ƙa'ida, wanda WP29, WP29 ya haɓaka cikakken suna na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Haɗin Kan Dokokin Motoci na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (wanda ake kira UN/WP29), musamman alhakin dokokin ECE da aiwatar da bita na aikin WP29 yana da kwamitin kera motoci GRRF don haɓaka ƙa'idodin mota, ƙa'idodin layin birki, ƙa'idodi waɗanda ƙungiyar FEMFM ta haɓaka.Dokokin kushin birki da suka shafi ECE Rl3, ECE Rl3H, ECE R90.
(3) Japan
Ma'auni na layin birki na Jafananci sune JIS da JASO, JISJ Japan Standards Survey Standards Survey, JASO shine ma'aunin masana'antar kera motoci ta Jafan.Matsayin JIS na Japan don motoci a halin yanzu ya kai 248. Jirgin birki na Mota JIS yana da abubuwa 13 da ke lissafin kashi %.
Japan Automobile Standardization Organisation (JASO) kafa wani sosai sauti kungiyar, bisa ga daban-daban fannoni da filayen kafa madaidaicin kwamitin fasaha (watau ma'aikatar), ciki har da: birki, aminci, jiki chassis, lantarki kayan aiki, injuna, misali sassa, kayan aiki, babura masu ƙafa biyu, aikin abin hawa;kowane kwamiti na fasaha da kafa ɗimbin adadin kwamitocin ƙananan fasaha (watau ƙananan sassan za su).Wanne yana da reshen rufin birki, wanda ya haɗa da motoci, sassa, masana'antar kayan gogayya.Jimlar adadin ma'auni na JASO na Japan a halin yanzu yana da 297. Daga cikinsu, akwai rufin birki 20.Asusu na%.
(4) Amurka
Matsayin layin birki na Amurka ta Ƙungiyar Injin Injiniya ta Amurka (Ƙungiyar Injin Injiniya, wanda ake kira SAE) ke da alhakin haɓaka abubuwan bincike na SAE motoci, manyan motoci da motocin injiniya, jiragen sama, injiniyoyi, kayayyaki da masana'antu, da sauransu SAE. ƙa'idodin da masu iko suka haɓaka, masana'antar kera motoci da sauran masana'antu ke amfani da su sosai, da adadi mai yawa Wasu daga cikinsu ana ɗaukar su azaman ƙa'idodin ƙasa na Amurka.A halin yanzu, SAE yana da mambobi sama da 84,000 a cikin ƙasashe na 97 kuma yana ƙara ko sake duba takaddun nau'ikan injinan motoci sama da 600 a kowace shekara.A cikin su, akwai ma'auni 17 masu alaƙa da rufin birki.
Na uku, daga ma'aunin ci-gaba na kasa da kasa da na waje, ka'idojin kasar Sin da na kasashen waje suna da babban gibi tsakanin su.
1, aikin daidaitawa ya yi latti.Matsayin samfur kamfanoni ne da ke cikin samarwa kuma dole ne aiki su bi mafi girman dokar fasaha, amma har ma mahimman abubuwan da suka danganci ci gaban fasaha da ingantaccen ci gaban masana'antu.Masu amfani da ƙasa na masana'antar ta ƙara tsauraran yanayin aiki na kayan juzu'i suna ci gaba da gabatar da buƙatun fasaha mafi girma, don haka don yin ƙa'idodin fasaha su nuna ma'anar kimiyya, manyan alamomi, buƙatun aiki da daidaita kasuwa, don cimma aikin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa. , amma kuma dole ne "ci gaba da tafiya tare da lokutan", akai-akai ko kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba don sababbin ka'idoji don ƙara ma'anar da tsoffin ka'idoji Bita na aikin.Amma a cikin shekaru da yawa saboda cibiyoyi constraints da kuma rashin kudi, standardization aiki ya tsanani lagged a baya da masana'antu ta fasaha ci gaba da samfurin hažaka na ainihin, da hadin kai na data kasance nagartacce, da ikon da wani tsanani kalubale, amma kuma fasaha management na fasaha. masana'antu da ci gaban kasuwannin duniya suna kawo matsaloli da yawa.
2, babu birki, layin watsawa (block) da haɗuwa da daidaitattun tsarin.
3, ƙayyadaddun buƙatun fasaha na yau da kullun da hanyoyin gwaji har yanzu suna cikin ƙaramin samfurin, yanayin gwaji na tsaye, da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen waje don kwaikwayi ainihin birki da 1: 1 samfurin gwajin rata yana da girma.
4, gaggawar daukar ma'auni.Bayan da aka shiga karni na 21, kasar Sin ta koma kungiyar WTO, da saurin hada-hadar cinikayyar kasa da kasa, tattalin arzikin kasar Sin yana ci gaba da bunkasa cikin sauri.Sake tsara ma'aikatun gwamnatinmu, an soke tsohuwar Ofishin Kayayyakin Gine-gine na Jiha.An kammala gyara tsarin kasuwancin mallakar gwamnati.Amma ba a ƙara fayyace ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin fasaha na asali na birki ba, wanda ya haifar da sake fasalin matsayin masana'antu na masana'antu na jujjuyawar aikin ya kasance a tsaye.A cikin shekaru 5 zuwa 6 na ƙarshe, birki, rufin watsawa (block) da taro (kayan gogayya) na ISO, JIS, JASO, SAE, FMVSS, AK, ECE da sauran ka'idodin duniya da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi na ƙasashen waje koyaushe ana sabunta su.Rata tsakanin Sin da kasashen waje ya sake fadada.Domin daidaita da ci gaban da cikin gida da kuma na kasa da kasa kasuwar tattalin arzikin, don inganta kasuwanci musayar tare da al'ummomin kasa da kasa, da sake gina kasa birki, watsa rufi (block) da taro (gogayya kayan) standardization subtechnical kwamitin ya zama gaggawa. wanda shine birki na yanzu, layin watsawa (block) da masana'antar hada hadawa a cikin babban fifikon kasar Sin.
5, samfuran birki, kodayake akwai ma'auni na ƙasa, ka'idodin masana'antu, ƙa'idodin ƙasashen waje masu ci gaba suna da cikakken kewayon ISO, SAE, JASO da ECER na Turai, ka'idojin EEC, da dai sauransu, ma'auni na ƙasa, masana'antu idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen matakin bambanci yana da girma. , ba dacewa da samfurin shiga cikin gasar kasa da kasa ba, kuma tsarin daidaitattun tsarin da ake ciki ba shi da kyau, akwai ƙarin ka'idoji na hanyoyin ba cikakke ba.Matsayin samfuran ƙasa a ƙaramin matakin, yana haifar da gasa mara kyau a cikin masana'antu, da ƙirar masana'antu daban-daban, fasahohin samarwa daban-daban, wasu hanyoyin gwaji ba sa biyan buƙatun samarwa, wasu suna buƙatar haɓakawa.
6, da kasa da kasa shahara gogayya kayan samar Enterprises ne TMD, Pfeiffer, Morse, Aki Polo, da dai sauransu, kowane sha'anin ne 100% samar da mota gogayya kayan, shekara-shekara tallace-tallace ne fiye da 5 biliyan yuan, aiwatar da matsayin ga asali SAE. Dokokin J da ECE da ka'idojin AK.
Na hudu, cibiyoyin gwajin birki na kasar Sin.
Cibiyoyin gwaji na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kayan gogayya na ƙasa don Cibiyar gwajin samfuran ma'adinai marasa ƙarfe, Cibiyar Gwajin Motoci ta ƙasa (Changchun);Sauran matakan lardunan sun hada da Cibiyar Gwajin Kayayyakin Motoci ta Zhejiang, Hubei, Shandong, Fujian, Gansu, Chongqing, da dai sauransu, wadanda suka gudanar da kasuwanci tun da farko na cibiyar gwajin sassan motoci na Zhejiang, har yanzu kasuwancin ya fi cibiyar kula da kayayyakin ma'adanai ta kasa da kasa. gwaji (Xianyang).
V. Kayan aikin gwajin birki na kasar Sin da ke akwai
Layin birki na kasar Sin da ke da inganci yana da inganci kuma dole ne GB5763-1998 kawai.
Maimaituwar kayan aikin gwaji na raka'a yana da rauni sosai, saboda ƙayyadaddun injin gwajin sauri shine kayan aikin da ba daidai ba, musamman ta kayan faifan gwajin ba a daidaita su ba, hukumomin gwajin lardi akan injin gwajin ba a daidaita su ba ko kuma kayan aikin kawai. don daidaitawa, kuma masu aiki ba a horar da su na musamman ba, gwajin samfuran masu girma dabam dabam, ba a kammala niƙa na farko ba, sarrafa zafin jiki ba a wurin ba, saurin injin gwajin ya bambanta, haɗe tare da masana'antun na'urorin gwaji daban-daban, kuskuren injin gwajin Large zuwa 15-30% (a cikin kwatancen gwajin shekara-shekara da kwatancen shuka shuka), masana'antun injin gwajin ba tare da lasisin awo ba, da dai sauransu. samun sakamakon zai kasance kama.
Santa ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwanƙwasa ne na fayafai da fayafai a China, tare da ƙwarewar ƙwararrun shekaru 15.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-07-2022